Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States.

Fall 2021

Governance and the Rule of Law

**Buildings in Old San Juan.**

“File:The Colors of Old San Juan (28488284470).jpg” by Brad Clinesmith from Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

Puerto Rico is currently facing a new wave of COVID-19 cases even though the vaccination process has made great strides with new laws by the government mandating vaccination in different sectors. As a result of the island’s efficient COVID-19 vaccination policies, Puerto Rico now has the highest vaccination rate in the United States.

Puerto Rico leads the United States in vaccination rates, with more than 73% of the Puerto Rican population fully vaccinated as of November. Puerto Rico also has one of the country’s lowest transmission rates, hovering around 2%.
To continue the island’s efforts to achieve full immunization against COVID-19, the Puerto Rican government is offering $100 to everyone who agrees to get their first and second dose.
In an effort to minimize the spread of COVID-19, Puerto Rico’s Governor has instituted a vaccine mandate where those who refuse to get the COVID-19 vaccine are required to submit one weekly negative COVID-19 test a week. Failure to do so can result in a fine of up to $5,000 or 6 months in jail, although some exceptions will be made.
Following public health approval, Puerto Rico will begin vaccinating children ages 5-11 against COVID-19. Because of this, the Governor of Puerto Rico has instituted a vaccine requirement in order to attend school in person, although a few exceptions will be made.
As part of the vaccination effort, Puerto Rico receives 161,000 doses of Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines weekly, seperate from those that go directly to Fort Buchanan and Puerto Rico’s Veterans Hospital.
The island has begun administering third “booster” doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to those over 65 years of age as well people with severe underlying health conditions.
The number of pediatric patients hospitalized has increased. About 16% of all COVID-19 infections are from minors between the ages of 15 and 18. To reduce this, the country is working to vaccinate those 12 years of age and older. Recently, a pharmacy in Puerto Rico pleaded guilty to illegally vaccinating children ages 7 to 11 with the Pfizer vaccine.
Puerto Rico’s Governor recently announced that employees working in the food and drink industry are required to get vaccinated and can only serve customers who show proof of a vaccination card.
Moreover, the Governor also initiated an executive order requiring all public employees to get their vaccine. Through taking initiatives like his, he hopes to increase the population of those vaccinated on the island.
While the Puerto Rican government had initially imposed strict capacity limits for businesses, most recently at 30% operation, they are beginning to ease up on those limits. For example, the requirement that businesses cannot sell alcohol between 12 and 5 am has been lifted.
Earlier in the year, many tourists entering Puerto Rico failed to comply with the country’s COVID-19 travel policies. Currently, all passengers must present in their traveler’s declaration a negative result of a molecular test carried out 72 hours before their arrival. Otherwise, they are given 48 hours to file the results of a COVID-19 test or a $300 fine will be imposed.
In an effort to promote economic productivity, the Puerto Rican government opened up the island to tourists during the pandemic. Puerto Rico has seen some of the highest tourist numbers in the region with hotel demand 37% higher than it was in 2019 before the pandemic.

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Growth and Innovation

**La Perla in San Juan.**

“DSC_5946” by davide zanchettin is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

In 2020, the pandemic had a serious impact on the Puerto Rican economy with the loss of jobs and the permanent closure of thousands of businesses. Still, the government has committed to remedy this economic blow by reopening the country and promoting the tourism industry.

This pandemic has triggered the second largest economic downturn in Puerto Rico’s history after Hurricane Maria. However, the opening up of the tourism industry has begun to help the island recover from this economic crisis.
Despite this temporary economic growth, there is still a lot of uncertainty for the future as much of the money Puerto Rico currently spends comes from U.S. federal funds. Moreover, their debt continues to increase. As of July 2021, Puerto Rico is in $35B of public debt.
The restructuring of Puerto Rico’s debt has been delayed as the court-supervised negotiations have had to include detailed analyses on the accumulative effects of the pandemic on the island. Despite the deals that the federally-imposed Oversight and Management Board has reached with bondholders, the debt is still considered to be unpayable.
Many locals in Puerto Rico are concerned about how the recent series of power outages will affect the ability to store vaccines. Throughout the island, there have been several instances reported of COVID-19 vaccines going bad following refrigerator malfunction.
Puerto Rico has previously had issues related to food shortages and insecurity, which have been further exacerbated by the pandemic. Because of U.S. policies that limit the amount of food Puerto Rico is able to grow for its own consumption, the island is extremely dependent on the United States for food. Now, the country imports over 80% of its food.
Of the $68B federal funds assigned to Puerto Rico for disaster recovery in response to Hurricane Maria, Hurricane Irma, earthquakes, and the pandemic, Puerto Rico has only been able to spend around $4.7B of it. With such slow progress, it is uncertain whether a full recovery will ever be achieved.
In an effort to reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19, Puerto Rico has been working on developing new technology to stop the spread of the virus. Most recently, researchers from Puerto Rico patented a mask that allows one to eat without removing it.
In 2020, the pandemic forced the permanent closure of 1,400 small and medium-size Puerto Rican businesses due to economic hardships, representing a loss of over 30,000 jobs.
Throughout the pandemic, the United States has provided Puerto Rico with nearly $4 billion in federal education relief funds to combat the negative effects of the pandemic.
Up to the end of March, the Department of Health has fined or closed over 530 businesses for not following COVID-19 health protocols.
In an effort to promote women in the workforce, the U.S. Federal Small Business Agency plans to donate up to $300,000 to women-owned businesses in Puerto Rico that have been struggling during the pandemic.

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Social and Cultural Inclusion

**Saint Felipe del Morro Fort overviewing the Saint Mary Magdalene de’ Pazzi** **Cemetery.**

“File:Cementerio Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi de lejos.jpg” by Mattnbaker is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Puerto Rico is in the process of reopening the island, instituting vaccine mandates at schools, restaurants, and many places of employment. Nevertheless, other threats related to issues like natural disaster, the ongoing threat of earthquakes, and violence against women continue to persist on the island.

Despite the public health protocols that reopening schools entail, the biggest challenge for reopening schools has not been the pandemic, but rather, dealing with earthquakes. 95% of public schools were not built following the Code of Construction, making them unsafe for receiving students as constant earthquakes continue to affect the island.
As the pandemic affects the population, a swarm of earthquakes continues to destroy and weaken the island’s infrastructure, causing the displacement of thousands of people and raising public health concerns due to the lack of distancing and access to hygiene services that faces the displaced population.
Over the summer, Luma Energy partially took over power utility services in Puerto Rico, now in control of a significant portion of the island’s electricity grid. Because of this, over 30,000 people who used to have electricity have now lost it.
The Governor of Puerto Rico has continued to promote social assistance programs throughout the pandemic to support families who are economically struggling.
The Department of Education has put in a request to the Governor to add Wifi hotspots throughout the country so that teachers and students have the resources necessary to conduct virtual class.
The Government of Puerto Rico has led free vaccination and mass-testing tours, named VacuTours, and COVID-19 testing fairs, named Coviveos, around the island in order to reach large population centers. These initiatives depend on volunteer nurses and medical students.
The public has reprimanded the Department of Education for not conducting therapies for special education students during virtual education. Special education students compose almost 40% of Puerto Rico´s public school enrollment.
The pandemic has had a severe impact on the mental health of Puerto Ricans. A study revealed that 39% of those interviewed have suffered from severe to moderate anxiety since the pandemic began, a figure that exceeds the trend in the United States by 11%.
A wave of gender violence wraps the island, while the pandemic worsens. The recent femicides of Andrea Cruz and Keishla Rodríguez have shaken Puerto Ricans, who have raised their voices against sexist violence and impunity. After the Governor acceded to the claims of the people and declared a state of emergency for gender violence, the Fiscal Oversight Board, imposed by the federal government to control the finances of Puerto Rico, cut 97% of government funds aimed at addressing gender violence.
The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded over $87.7 million in COVID-19 relief grants throughout the United States and its territories to promote art and culture. Organizations like the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture have continued to support performing and fine art projects, often in a digital format, throughout the island.
As the island began to open up after serious lockdowns, Puerto Ricans came together to celebrate their heritage through music and dancing at the territory’s first post-COVID parade.

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Spring 2021

Governance and the Rule of Law

Puerto Rico is currently facing a new wave of COVID-19 cases. However, the Governor strongly opposes implementing restrictive measures to stop the rise of infections. The vaccination process has made great strides as the government insists that vaccination is necessary to achieve herd immunity as soon as possible, but the rate of people being vaccinated is decreasing. On the other hand, a wave of tourism has caused chaos on the island due to the aggressive and vandalizing behavior of American tourists who refuse to follow public health protocols.

Puerto Rico faces one of its worst spikes in infections since the pandemic began. After opening businesses at 50% capacity, the Governor amended his executive order to reduce capacity to 30%. Despite the recommendations of medical experts, the Governor opposes taking more restrictive measures to stop the infections, out of fear of hurting the economy even more.
The number of deaths from COVID-19 exceeded 2,300 people. At the same time, the birth rate in 2020 dropped by 30%, compared to the previous two years. Since 2016, there have been more deaths than births per year. However, Puerto Rico now has the third lowest birth rate in the world, after Macao and South Korea. With an aging population and a shrinking workforce, the island faces serious problems in achieving economic recovery.
Puerto Rico reached the milestone of administering 2 million doses of the Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines. As of the end of April, some 1,340,000 people have received one dose of the vaccine, while 736,000 have received the required two doses. Taking into account that the total of Puerto Ricans eligible to be vaccinated are 2.7 million people, already 50% of the eligible population has received one dose and 27.3% two doses.
As part of the vaccination effort, Puerto Rico receives 161,000 doses of Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines weekly, apart from those that go directly to Fort Buchanan and Puerto Rico’s Veterans Hospital.
As of April 12, every Puerto Rican 16 years of age or older is eligible to be vaccinated. To achieve herd immunity, 1.89 million people need to be vaccinated, which is equivalent to 70% of the population eligible for vaccination.
42% of the travelers entering the island are not presenting a negative result of a COVID-19 test. Currently, all passengers must present in their traveler’s declaration a negative result of a molecular test carried out 72 hours before their arrival. Otherwise, they are given 48 hours to file the results of a COVID-19 test or a $ 300 fine will be imposed.
Puerto Rico ranks fifth worldwide in the vaccination effort against COVID-19. Despite this, Puerto Rico has the highest positivity rate for COVID-19 molecular tests in the United States.
The positivity rate increased from 3.3% to over 13%, with 73 of the 78 municipalities having a high community transmission rate. The World Health Organization states that the transmission rate should not exceed 5%.
American tourists have caused unrest on the island, starting fights at the airport, hotels, restaurants and streets. The aggressive behavior of American tourists has extended to the destruction of AirBnBs, crowds without masks and the breach of COVID-19 rules. Dozens of tourists have been arrested for damaging property and violently assaulting Puerto Rican citizens, other tourists, and police.
In March, a record was set for the arrival of travelers to Puerto Rico during the pandemic, with 390,500 visitors and residents entering the island through the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. At the same time, infections and hospitalizations due to the virus continue to increase. Police blame the increase in tourists and the increase in illegal cocaine shipments arriving to the island.
The Department of Health has developed a COVID-19 contact tracing system that has identified more than 4,600 infections.
Puerto Rico reached over 1,100 daily COVID-19 deaths in April, although it is expected that this number will gradually decrease. Currently, intensive care units are between 34% and 35% capacity.
At least 514 people vaccinated with the first dose have been diagnosed with COVID-19. There are also at least 43 people who have tested positive after receiving two doses of the vaccine.
The number of pediatric patients hospitalized has increased. About 16% of all COVID-19 infections are from minors between the ages of 15 and 18. The majority of all COVID-19 patients in Puerto Rico are between the ages of 20 and 29, who tend to be asymptomatic, but can still transmit the virus to other people. 80% of COVID-19 deaths occur among people 65 and older.

Growth and Innovation

In 2020, the pandemic had a serious impact on the Puerto Rican economy with the loss of jobs and the permanent closure of thousands of businesses. Despite the commitment of the new government administration to remedy this economic blow by reopening the economy –– regardless of the public health consequences –– it is expected that the economy will not improve until 2022.

The restructuring of Puerto Rico’s debt has been delayed as the court-supervised negotiations have had to include detailed analyses on the accumulative effects of the pandemic on the island. Despite the deals that the federally-imposed Oversight and Management Board has reached with bondholders, the debt is still considered to be unpayable.
Of the $68B federal funds assigned to Puerto Rico for disaster recovery in response to Hurricane Maria, Hurricane Irma, earthquakes, and the pandemic, only 27% has actually been paid out. With such slow progress, it is uncertain whether a full recovery will ever be achieved.
In 2020, the pandemic forced the permanent closure of 1,700 small and medium-size Puerto Rican businesses due to economic hardships, representing a loss of 48,157 employments.
The Health Department has received $ 357.8 million in federal funding to control the virus.
Up to the end of March, the Department of Health has fined or closed over 530 businesses for not following COVID-19 health protocols.
Car sales have increased since 2021 began, registering the highest sales in the past decade in March, with 11,697 cars sold. This represents an increase of 273.5% compared to the previous year. There was also an increase in the sale of rental vehicles by 227%.
Economic growth is not projected until 2022 for Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico’s Planning Board estimated that the economy fell by 3.2% in fiscal year 2020 and its recovery will not be prompt.

Social and Cultural Inclusion

After schools began to receive students in person, students have returned to virtual classes due to the rise in COVID-19 cases, especially among children and young people. School campus safety is in jeopardy due to damages to school infrastructures due to previous natural disasters and the ongoing threat of earthquakes.

Despite the public health protocols that reopening schools entail, the biggest challenge for reopening schools has not been the pandemic, but rather dealing with earthquakes. 95% of public schools were not built following the Code of Construction, making them unsafe for receiving students as constant earthquakes continue to affect the island.
As the pandemic affects the population, a swarm of earthquakes continues to destroy and weaken the island’s infrastructure, causing the displacement of thousands of people and raising public health concerns due to the lack of distancing and access to hygiene services that faces the displaced population.
Elderly adults without technological access to make online appointments for vaccinations are being left behind. Additionally, the government has not presented a plan to vaccinate bedridden individuals, nor is there a process of vaccination for people without transportation, particularly those in rural communities.
After 115 public schools opened to start in-person classes, as did dozens of private schools as well, the Government ordered the closure of all schools due to the rise in infections. Students are taking classes remotely.
The Government of Puerto Rico has led vaccination tours, named VacuTours, and COVID-19 testing fairs, named Coviveos, around the island in order to reach large population centers. These initiatives depend on volunteer nurses and medical students.
The public has reprimanded the Department of Education for not conducting therapies for special education students during virtual education. Special education students compose almost 40% of Puerto Rico´s public school enrollment.
Reports of child abuse have increased dramatically. The Department of the Family announced that there have been 900 additional complaints, compared to the number of complaints that were reported last year as of April.
The pandemic has had a severe impact on the mental health of Puerto Ricans. A study revealed that 39% of those interviewed have suffered from severe to moderate anxiety since the pandemic began, a figure that exceeds the trend in the United States by 11%.
A wave of gender violence wraps the island, while the pandemic worsens. The recent femicides of Andrea Cruz and Keishla Rodríguez have shaken Puerto Ricans, who have raised their voices against sexist violence and impunity. After the Governor acceded to the claims of the people and declared a state of emergency for gender violence, the Fiscal Oversight Board, imposed by the federal government to control the finances of Puerto Rico, cut 97% of government funds aimed at addressing gender violence.

Fall 2020

Governance and the Rule of Law

Puerto Rico faces the COVID-19 crisis in the midst of an electoral year marked by growing political polarization, high-level corruption, and electoral disputes. This has reignited social upheaval, as people continue to question the government’s competency and capacity to govern.

Profiting from the lack of political opposition due to the curfew in place, Puerto Rico’s majority party (the New Progressive Party) ratified a new Electoral Code that strips minority parties from electoral equity, just two months before the elections.
The Legislative Assembly has taken advantage of the strict curfew imposed during the pandemic, which inhibits political demonstrations, to ratify a largely unpopular new Civil Code.
Puerto Ricans have demanded governmental accountability in the face of corruption and expressing their opposition to the government’s handling of the pandemic.
High-ranking officials have been implicated in three embezzlement schemes, involving over $40M in public funds, due to the fabricated purchase of COVID-19 test kits.
Journalists and the medical community have accused the government of undercounting the death caused by COVID-19, by not attributing them to the virus.
Puerto Rico figures among the American jurisdictions with the least amount of COVID-19 testing per 100,000 citizens.
After a drop in cases, thousands of American tourists, most of whom refuse to abide with mask-wearing protocols and comply with the curfew, have traveled to the island due to the low prices of airplane tickets. This has caused a sharp resurgence in cases.
$31 million in pandemic unemployment assistance has been returned to the local Department of Labor and Human Resources by thousands of citizens who received the assistance despite not qualifying for it.

Growth and Innovation

Already battling $129 billion debt and deteriorated infrastructure, the Puerto Rican economy faces another blow with the closing of business, lack of tourism, and the government’s inability to provide for its citizens. It remains unclear what the plan of recovery is.

The government has refused to close all ports of entry; as a result, there has been an increase in COVID-19 cases, as infected passengers continue to enter the island.
Despite the rise in cases, the government has rejected returning to a lockdown due to fears of economic consequences. However, a curfew, which began in March, remains in place.
The inability to allocate unemployment paychecks has been blamed by many on government incompetence, affecting people’s ability to wither the economic impact of the pandemic.
Before the pandemic, 44.5% of the population lived under poverty—such rate is projected to rise exponentially to 59.8%.
The COVID-19 crisis occurs at the same time that recurrent seismic activity has devastated the island’s infrastructure.
Uninsured patients, suspected to have COVID-19, have been unable to access medical care due to their lack of insurance.
32% of small and medium businesses have been forced to fire employees and 30% have been forced to permanently close given the lack of income.
Medical offices have been unable to cover the “COVID fee,” which entails extended disinfection procedures, distancing guidelines, and less patients.
Since the pandemic began, there has been an increase in the creation of online stores, specially those owned by young entrepreneurs, and a dramatic increase in online purchases. There has also been a notable increase in delivery and curbside pickup purchases.
The average family has increased its monthly expenditure in groceries, given the work and education from home environment.
Young adults have experienced the most dramatic rise in COVID-19 contraction, given that their young age provides them a false sense of security from the inaccurate notion that young people are less likely to suffer from the disease.
Online education has forced thousands of parents to leave the workforce in order to accompany their children for online education.

Social and Cultural Inclusion

Despite the challenge of social distancing, Puerto Ricans have come together in support of each other—especially assisting those who are in most need.

Since March, artists have live-streamed free concerts from their homes, making their performances accessible to everyone.
Local nonprofit organizations have contributed to the creation of community food banks and soup kitchens that have serviced the island’s most vulnerable communities.
Annual religious and cultural festivities in honor of patron saints have been canceled, thus hurting artisans who receive a great part of their earnings from such events.
The closure of farmer markets has resulted in less income for farmers and rising food insecurity as agricultural products become less accessible.
Online education has failed given that 78% of students live under poverty. In Puerto Rico, only 56% of households have internet connection and 36% do not own a computer.
A 50% rise in domestic violence, as well as a considerable rise in suicides and child abuse, put in question the effectiveness of staying-at-home orders.
An acute rise in femicides and in the disappearances of women has sparked public demand for public education focusing on gender-based issues in schools and the declaration of a state of emergency due to gender-based violence.
The public has adapted to the use of face masks in public spaces, yet lack of compliance by tourists and in family gatherings has fed the spread of the virus.
Creative forms of entertainment that have adapted to social distancing have emerged, with drive-in theaters becoming the most popular.
Elderly people have reported feeling more lonely as a result of increased isolation.

Summer 2020

Governance and the Rule of Law

Puerto Rico faces the COVID-19 crisis in the midst of an electoral year marked by growing political polarization, high-level corruption, and electoral disputes. This has reignited social upheaval, as people continue to question the government’s competency and capacity to govern.

Profiting from the lack of political opposition due to the curfew in place, Puerto Rico’s majority party (the New Progressive Party) ratified a new Electoral Code that strips minority parties from electoral equity, just two months before the elections.
The Legislative Assembly has taken advantage of the strict curfew imposed during the pandemic, which inhibits political demonstrations, to ratify a largely unpopular new Civil Code.
Puerto Ricans have flooded social media with posts demanding governmental accountability in the face of corruption and expressing their opposition to the government’s handling of the pandemic.
Unable to take the streets, Puerto Ricans have resorted to cacerolazos from their homes as a means of expressing their opposition to politicians taking advantage of the curfew for the ratification of unpopular laws.
As reopening continues, the public has been unwilling to follow mandatory mask and social distancing protocols in beaches, food kiosks, car caravans, and political rallies.
Large parts of the population have been unable to abide by sanitation protocols due to a lack of means to buy disinfecting products.
The governor’s medical task force, cabinet members, and high-ranking officials have been implicated in three embezzlement schemes, involving over $40M in public funds, due to the fabricated purchase of COVID-19 test kits.
The governor is under intense public scrutiny, as she’s being investigated for her involvement as Attorney General in withholding hurricane-relief aid in 2017.
The government stands in defiance with the courts, by refusing to open school cafeterias after a judge ordered their immediate opening.
Journalists and the medical community have accused the government of undercounting the death caused by COVID-19, by not attributing them to the virus.
Puerto Rico figures as the American jurisdiction with the least amount of COVID-19 testing per 100,000 citizens.

Growth and Innovation

Already battling $129 billion debt and deteriorated infrastructure, the Puerto Rican economy faces another blow with the closing of business, lack of tourism, and the government’s inability to provide for its citizens. It remains unclear what the plan of recovery is.

A sharp decrease in tourism has been detrimental for the economy.
The government has refused to close all ports of entry; as a result, there has been an increase in COVID-19 cases, as infected passengers continue to enter the island.
The inability to allocate unemployment paychecks has been blamed by many on government incompetence, affecting people’s ability to wither the economic impact of the pandemic.
Before the pandemic, 44.5% of the population lived under poverty—such rate is projected to rise exponentially to 59.8%.
The COVID-19 crisis occurs at the same time that a drought has left 64% of the population without access to running water and recurrent seismic activity has devastated the island’s infrastructure.
Uninsured patients, suspected to have COVID-19, have been unable to access medical care due to their lack of insurance.
32% of small and medium businesses have been forced to fire employees and 30% have been forced to permanently close given the lack of income.
Medical offices have been unable to cover the “COVID fee,” which entails extended disinfection procedures, distancing guidelines, and less patients.

Social and Cultural Inclusion

Despite the challenge of social distancing, Puerto Ricans have come together in support of each other—especially assisting those who are in most need.

Since March, artists have live-streamed free concerts from their homes, making their performances accessible to everyone.
Over 400 local nonprofit organizations have contributed to the creation of community food banks and soup kitchens that have serviced the island’s most vulnerable communities.
Annual religious and cultural festivities in honor of patron saints have been canceled, thus hurting artisans who receive a great part of their earnings from such events.
The closure of farmer markets has resulted in less income for farmers and rising food insecurity as agricultural products become less accessible.
A 50% rise in domestic violence, as well as a considerable rise in suicides and child abuse, put in question the effectiveness of staying-at-home orders.

Select resources for Puerto Rico:

Governance and the Rule of Law Fall 2021:

Associated Press. (2021, September 27). Puerto Rico Pharmacy owner pleads guilty to vaccinating kids. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-puerto-rico-3cb8417929bafebbfc60957667af6387.

Associated Press. (2021, October 12). Puerto Rico to lift pandemic curfew, ban on alcohol sales. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/puerto-rico-lift-pandemic-curfew-ban-alcohol-sales-80544606.

Caraballo, J. (2021, September 11). Regreso de Cruceros, clave para la reactivación económica en Puerto Rico. Diario Libre. https://www.diariolibre.com/economia/regreso-de-cruceros-clave-para-la-reactivacion-economica-en-puerto-rico-ON28701834.

Comienza en Puerto Rico La Aplicación de Tercera dosis a mayores de 65 años. www.efe.com. (2021, September 25). https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/puerto-rico/comienza-en-puerto-rico-la-aplicacion-de-tercera-dosis-a-mayores-65-anos/50000110-4637839.

Coral Murphy, J. (2021, March 12). Puerto Rico Sees a Surge in Tourism – and a Rise in Aggressive Tourist Behavior. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/12/puerto-rico-tourists-aggressive-behavior-coronavirus.

Cordero Mercado, D. (2021, April 11). Puerto Rico recibió 390,500 viajeros en marzo, un récord durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/puerto-rico-recibio-390500-viajeros-en-marzo-un-record-durante-la-pandemia-de-covid-19/.

Coto, D. (2021, August 11). Puerto Rico requires vaccinations in food, drink sector. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-caribbean-coronavirus-pandemic-04985332beddaeccdee60d1b24d0e48e.

Coto, D. (2021, August 5). Puerto Rico widens vaccine requirements amid Covid-19 Spike. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-health-business-caribbean-coronavirus-pandemic-1d83c3535da6759734f1fd5dada6fea8.

EFE. (2021, October 19). Salud ofrecerá 100 dólares a quienes se vacunen en 7 municipios. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/puerto-rico/salud-ofrecera-100-dolares-a-quienes-se-vacunen-en-7-municipios/50000110-4655913.

Fajardo, R. (2021, July 14). Record tourism numbers for Puerto Rico. The Weekly Journal. https://www.theweeklyjournal.com/business/record-tourism-numbers-for-puerto-rico/article_90b37a48-e40e-11eb-bf5f-ff56ce538638.html.

Governor Pierluisi: “Puerto Rico is at the forefront of covid-19 vaccination rates in the U.S.”. Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration. (2021, August 25). https://prfaa.pr.gov/2021/08/25/governor-pierluisi-puerto-rico-is-at-the-forefront-of-covid-19-vaccination-rates-in-the-u-s/.

Jarenwattananon, P., Bior, A., & Handel, S. (2021, October 27). Why Puerto Rico leads the U.S. in COVID vaccine rate – and what states can learn. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2021/10/27/1049323911/puerto-rico-leads-the-us-in-covid-19-vaccine-rates-and-what-states-can-learn.

Parés Arroyo, M. (2021, April 20). Puerto Rico llega a 2 millones de vacunas contra el COVID administradas. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/puerto-rico-sobrepasa-cifra-de-2-millones-de-vacunas-contra-el-covid-19-administradas/.

Parés Arroyo, M. (2021, April 21). Aumentan los casos de COVID-19 entre los jóvenes de 15 a 18 años de edad en Puerto Rico. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/aumentan-los-casos-de-covid-19-entre-los-jovenes-de-15-a-18-anos-de-edad-en-puerto-rico/.

Associated Press. (2021, November 5). Puerto Rico to make covid-19 vaccine mandatory for School. https://pix11.com/news/coronavirus/puerto-rico-to-make-covid-19-vaccine-mandatory-for-school/.

Fideicomiso de Ciencias, Tecnología e Investigación de Puerto Rico. (2020, October 1). Vital el rastreo de síntomas para controlar el contagio del covid-19 en Puerto Rico. https://prsciencetrust.org/vital-el-rastreo-de-sintomas-para-controlar-el-contagio-del-covid-19-en-puerto-rico-2/.

Growth and Innovation Fall 2021:

Ayala, I. M., Kennedy, A. ; Winter, D. (2021, October 1). How the U.S. dictates what Puerto Rico eats. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/01/opinion/puerto-rico-jones-act.html.

Caribbean Business. (2021, February 23). Junta Fiscal Anuncia Acuerdo de Reestructuración de Deuda Con Grupo de Acreedores. https://cb.pr/junta-fiscal-anuncia-acuerdo-de-reestructuracion-de-deuda-con-grupo-de-acreedores/.

Chutchian, M. (2021, July 27). Puerto Rico Board finalizes deal securing bond insurers’ support for debt plan. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/puerto-rico-board-finalizes-deal-securing-bond-insurers-support-debt-plan-2021-07-27/.

Coto, D. (2021, May 3). Esta es la situación económica de puerto rico durante la pandemia covid-19. Sun Sentinel. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/espanol/fl-es–20210503-i5tqhzcexbax5dyiy2qn5n6fny-story.html.

Coto, D. (2021, March 9). Presentan Plan de reestructuración de deuda de puerto rico. San Diego Union-Tribune en Español. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/story/2021-03-09/presentan-plan-de-reestructuracion-de-deuda-de-puerto-rico.

COVID-19 en Puerto Rico. Departamento de Salud. (n.d.) https://www.salud.gov.pr/CMS/142.

EFE. (2021, November 3). Puerto Rico patenta Una mascarilla con la que se puede comer sin retirarla. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/puerto-rico/puerto-rico-patenta-una-mascarilla-con-la-que-se-puede-comer-sin-retirarla/50000110-4666658.

La SBA anuncia hasta $300,000 para financiar los Centros Empresariales para Mujeres de Puerto Rico. U.S. Small Business Administration. (2021, July 21). https://www.sba.gov/article/2021/jul/29/la-sba-anuncia-hasta-300000-para-financiar-los-centros-empresariales-para-mujeres-de-puerto-rico?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.

The Weekly Journal. (2021, October 4). Puerto Rico’s economy during the pandemic and post-maria. The Weekly Journal. https://www.theweeklyjournal.com/business/puerto-rico-s-economy-during-the-pandemic-and-post-maria/article_c10dbe8c-1b19-11ec-a61e-6b645af130a0.html.

The Associated Press. (2021, June 28). Puerto Rico to receive nearly $4 billion in U.S. pandemic funds. NBCNews.com. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/puerto-rico-receive-nearly-4-billion-us-pandemic-funds-rcna1285.

U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2021, May 19). Puerto Rico Recovery: FEMA Made Progress in Approving Projects, But Should Identify and Assess Risks to the Recovery | U.S. GAO. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-264.

Social and Cultural Inclusion Fall 2021:

Acevedo, N. (2021, October 21). Who’s to blame for Puerto Rico’s electricity crisis? it’s complicated, a report shows. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/blame-puerto-ricos-electricity-crisis-complicated-report-shows-rcna3489.

Bahr, S. (2021, October 4). National Endowment for the humanities awards covid relief grants. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/04/arts/music/national-endowment-for-the-humanities-awards-covid-relief-grants.html.

Caro González, L. (2021, April 19). Duro impacto de la pandemia a la salud mental de los boricuas, evidencia un estudio. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/duro-impacto-de-la-pandemia-a-la-salud-mental-de-los-boricuas.evidencia-un-estudio/.

Cybernews. (2021, October 6). Millonaria Asignación de Fema Para Atender Las Columnas cortas de las escuelas. Telemundo Puerto Rico. https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/puerto-rico/millonaria-asignacion-de-fema-para-atender-las-columnas-cortas-de-las-escuelas/2265939/.

De Jesús Salamán, A. (2021, March 31). Educación Especial No Completó Terapias Durante El Covid-19 Ni Priorizó a Sus Alumnos Para Vacunas. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/ahora/legislatura/educacion/top-stories/20210331/educacion-especial-no-completo-terapias-durante-el-covid-19-ni-priorizo-a-sus-alumnos-para-vacunas/.

Editorial. (2020, January 7). El 95% de las escuelas públicas no están bajo el Código de Construcción vigente. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/top-stories/educacion/ahora/20200107/el-95-de-las-escuelas-publicas-no-estan-bajo-el-codigo-de-construccion-vig/.

Hernandez, N. (2021, September 26). Ongoing femicides in Puerto Rico highlight gender-based violence. The DePaulia. https://depauliaonline.com/54962/nation/ongoing-femicides-in-puerto-rico-highlight-gender-based-violence/.

Realizarán Pruebas Masivas Para detectar La Covid-19 en Vieques. Agencia EFE. (2021, August 8). https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/puerto-rico/realizaran-pruebas-masivas-para-detectar-la-covid-19-en-vieques/50000110-4604295.

RFQ WIFI hotspots with internet service. Departamento de Educación. (2021, July 21). https://de.pr.gov/rfq-wifi-hotspots-with-internet-service/.

Ocasio, J. A. M., & Labrador, D. V. (2021, September 22). Puerto Ricans celebrate culture, music, and heritage during their first post-COVID Parade. Orlandosentinel. https://www.orlandosentinel.com/espanol/el-sentinel-in-english/os-ex-english-puerto-rican-parade-florida-downtown-orlando-20210918-yngg2vkxargtpf6i4hrpxzwxca-story.html.

U.S. Department of Education Announces New Actions to improve educational outcomes for students in Puerto Rico. U.S. Department of Education. (2021, September 15). https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-announces-new-actions-improve-educational-outcomes-students-puerto-rico.

Governance and the Rule of Law Spring 2021:

Ayala, E. et al. (2021, April 23). Puerto Rico Just Had Its ‘Worst Moment’ for Covid-19 Cases. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/us/coronavirus-puerto-rico.html.

————. (2021, April 12). El Departamento de Salud vigila el contagio de COVID-19 entre los vacunados. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/el-departamento-de-salud-vigila-el-contagio-de-covid-19-entre-los-vacunados/.

Editorial. (2021, April 17). Puerto Rico tiene la tasa de positividad más alta en pruebas moleculares de COVID-19 en Estados Unidos. Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2021/04/17/puerto-rico-la-tasa-positividad-mas-alta-pruebas-moleculares-estados-unidos.html.

López Alicea, K. (2021, April 28). Puerto Rico se mantiene en un nivel de riesgo crítico a causa del COVID-19. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/puerto-rico-se-mantiene-en-un-nivel-de-riesgo-critico-a-causa-del-covid-19/.

López Cabán, C. (2021, April 21). Puerto Rico ocupa el quinto lugar en el esfuerzo de vacunación contra el covid-19 en el mundo. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/gobierno/ahora/coronavirus/top-stories/20210421/puerto-rico-ocupa-el-quinto-lugar-en-el-esfuerzo-de-vacunacion-contra-el-covid-19-en-el-mundo/.

————. (2021, April 21). Aumentan los casos de COVID-19 entre los jóvenes de 15 a 18 años de edad en Puerto Rico. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/aumentan-los-casos-de-covid-19-entre-los-jovenes-de-15-a-18-anos-de-edad-en-puerto-rico/.

Growth and Innovation Spring 2021

Gómez, A. (2021, March 30). Pandemia Causa El Cierre de Más de 1,700 Negocios El Pasado Año. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/economia/top-stories/20210330/pandemia-causa-el-cierre-de-mas-de-1700-negocios-el-pasado-ano/.

————. (2021, April 12). No Se Proyecta Crecimiento Económico Hasta El 2022. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/economia/top-stories/20210412/no-se-proyecta-crecimiento-economico-hasta-el-2022/.

Redacción. (2021, May 9). Siguen sin freno las ventas de autos. El Vocero. https://www.elvocero.com/economia/siguen-sin-freno-las-ventas-de-autos/article_85f8245a-9986-11eb-b52c-f31b8bdcdbcd.html.

Social and Cultural Inclusion Spring 2021

Caro González, L. (2021, April 19). Duro impacto de la pandemia a la salud mental de los boricuas, evidencia un estudio. El Nuevo Día, https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/duro-impacto-de-la-pandemia-a-la-salud-mental-de-los-boricuas . evidencia-un-estudio/.

Cortés, R. (2021, March 28). Alarmante reducción de nacimientos en Puerto Rico durante la pandemia. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/alarmante-reduccion-de-nacimientos-en-puerto-rico-durante-la-pandemia/.

De Jesús Salamán, A. (2021, March 31). Educación Especial No Completó Terapias Durante El Covid-19 Ni Priorizó a Sus Alumnos Para Vacunas. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/ahora/legislatura/educacion/top-stories/20210331/educacion-especial-no-completo-terapias-durante-el-covid-19-ni-priorizo-a-sus-alumnos-para-vacunas/.

Editorial. (2020, January 7). El 95% de las escuelas públicas no están bajo el Código de Construcción vigente. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/top-stories/educacion/ahora/20200107/el-95-de-las-escuelas-publicas-no-estan-bajo-el-codigo-de-construccion-vig/.

Rico, S. (2021, April 18). Se disparan las denuncias por maltrato infantil. NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/gobierno/top-stories/20210418/se-disparan-las-denuncias-por-maltrato-infantil/.

Ruiz Kuilan, G. (2021, May 2). La Junta de Supervisión Fiscal reduce en un 97% los fondos del gobierno destinados al estado de emergencia por violencia de género. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/gobierno/notas/la-junta-de-supervision-fiscal-reduce-en-un-97-los-fondos-del-gobierno-destinados-al-estado-de-emergencia-por-violencia-de-genero/.

Governance and the Rule of Law Fall 2020

20 Minutos. (2020, April 29). Crisis alimentaria se profundiza en Puerto Rico por pandemia. https://www.20minutos.com/noticia/273393/0/crisis-alimentaria-se-profundiza-en-puerto-rico-por-pandemia/

Cheatham, A. (2020, May 12). The Coronavirus Challenge for Puerto Rico. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/coronavirus-challenge-puerto-rico

Cintrón Arbasetti, J. & Valentín Ortiz, L. (2020, May 28). El esquema de la venta de pruebas en Puerto Rico. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo. https://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2020/05/el-esquema-de-la-venta-de-pruebas-en-puerto-rico/

Democracy Now! (2020, May 1). Caravan for Life: Protesters in Puerto Rico Demand More Tests & Resources to Combat the Coronavirus. https://www.democracynow.org/2020/5/1/puerto_rico_caravan_por_la_vida

Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico. (2020). Puerto Rico COVID-19. https://bioseguridad.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/d7308c1abb4747e584329adf1215125e

————. (2020, March). Plan de Preparación y Respuesta COVID-19. http://www.salud.gov.pr/Documents/Plan%20de%20Preparaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Respuesta%20COVID-19%20DSPR%20P.pdf

Fajardo, R. (2020, May 27). Survey: Some 60 Percent of Small Businesses Forced to Close Temporarily. The Weekly Journal. https://www.theweeklyjournal.com/business/survey-some-60-percent-of-small-businesses-forced-to-close-temporarily/article_cf0794a4-a031-11ea-9bd2-270da184aed3.html

Fuquen Leal, C. (2020, July 29). COVID-19 en Puerto Rico: Wumento actual de contagios se verá reflejado en dos semanas. Medicina y Salud Pública. https://medicinaysaludpublica.com/covid-19-en-puerto-rico-aumento-actual-de-contagios-se-vera-reflejado-en-dos-semanas/.

Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. (2020). Estadísticas COVID-19. https://estadisticas.pr/en/covid-19

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2020). All State Comparison of Testing Efforts. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/testing/states-comparison

Kim, C. (2020, April 9). As Puerto Rico prepares for the pandemic, residents fear the government hasn’t learned from Hurricane Maria. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2020/4/9/21213212/puerto-rico-coronavirus-covid-19

Latin America Monitor. (2020, July). ProQuest. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from http://search.proquest.com/policyfile/docview/2407389240/abstract/97B10EEC5940EBPQ/1

NotiCel. (2020, June 23). Estos son los cambios más importantes en el nuevo Código Electoral. https://www.noticel.com/politica/gobierno/20200623/estos-son-los-cambios-mas-importantes-en-el-nuevo-codigo-electoral/

Rosario, F. (2020, July 21). Urgen a La Policía Que Intervenga Con Turistas Atraídos Por Los Bajos Precios de Las Líneas Aéreas. Primera Hora. https://www.primerahora.com/noticias/gobierno-politica/notas/urgen-a-la-policia-que-intervenga-con-turistas-atraidos-por-los-bajos-precios-de-las-lineas-aereas/.

Univisión. (2020, October 5). $30 millones en fondos de Asistencia de Desempleo Pandémico han sido devueltos al Departamento del Trabajo. https://www.univision.com/local/puerto-rico-wlii/30-millones-en-fondos-de-asistencia-de-desempleo-pandemico-han-sido-devueltos-al-departamento-del-trabajo.

Venes, P. & Román, H. (2020, June 1). Gobernadora convierte en ley un nuevo Código Civil. Noticel. https://www.noticel.com/gobierno/ahora/top-stories/20200601/gobernadora-convierte-en-ley-un-nuevo-codigo-civil/

Wiscovitch, J. & Sosa Pascual, O. (2020, June 11). Más muertes en Puerto Rico que las anunciadas durante la pandemia. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo. https://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2020/06/mas-muertes-en-puerto-rico-que-las-anunciadas-durante-la-pandemia/

Growth and Innovation Fall 2020

Bodwell, S. (2020, May 29). Webinar Discusses Root Causes, COVID-19 Responses and Next Steps for Social Movements. Grassroots International. https://grassrootsonline.org/blog/webinar-discusses-root-causes-covid-19-responses-and-next-steps-for-social-movements/

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2020, May 8). Puerto Rico Needs More Food Aid to Better Respond to COVID-19. https://www.cbpp.org/blog/puerto-rico-needs-more-food-aid-to-better-respond-to-covid-19

FEMA, Department of Homeland Security. (2020). Puerto Rico Covid-19 Pandemic. https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4493

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico. (2020). Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico. http://oversightboard.pr.gov/covid19-info/

Florido, A. (2020, May 13).“Mamá, I’m Still Hungry”: In Puerto Rico, Child Hunger Becomes A Flashpoint. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/05/13/854734386/mam-im-still-hungry-in-puerto-rico-child-hunger-becomes-a-flashpoint

Gobernadora Evalúa Dar Ayuda Económica a Padres y Estudiantes de Educación Virtual. (2020, September, 17). WIPR. https://www.wipr.pr/gobernadora-evalua-dar-ayuda-economica-a-padres-y-estudiantes-de-educacion-virtual/.

Ibarra Vázquez, G. (2020, October 4). En aumento las compras por ‘delivery’ o ‘pickup’. El Vocero de Puerto Rico, https://www.elvocero.com/economia/en-aumento-las-compras-por-delivery-o-pickup/article_bdf169e0-7a95-11ea-8e6c-237fb8744f68.html.

Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. (2020). En pobreza el 50% o más de la población en 36 Municipios de Puerto Rico. https://censo.estadisticas.pr/Comunicado-de-prensa/2019-12-19t145558

María Fund. (2020). COVID-19 Response. https://www.mariafund.org/covid19-response-english

National Center for Disaster Preparedness. (2020, April 8). Niños de Puerto Rico y COVID-19: En la encrucijada de la pobreza y el desastre. https://vimeo.com/405621621

NPR. (2020, June 9). How Puerto Rican Scientists Hacked The COVID-19 Response. https://www.npr.org/2020/06/08/872471989/how-puerto-rican-scientists-hacked-the-covid-19-response

Rodríguez Martínez, E. (2019, May 16). Estudio Revela Aumento de Compras Por Internet En Puerto Rico. Caribbean Business. https://cb.pr/estudio-revela-aumento-de-compras-por-internet-en-puerto-rico/.

Tramel, S. (2020, May 11). Dignity over Austerity in Puerto Rico’s Food Sovereignty Movement. Grassroots International. https://grassrootsonline.org/blog/dignity-over-austerity-in-puerto-ricos-food-sovereignty-movement/

Social and Cultural Inclusion Fall 2020

Caro González, L. (2020, October 3)¿Qué Es La Perspectiva de Género? El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/que-es-la-perspectiva-de-genero-2/.

Cordero Mercado, D. and Quintero, L. (2020, July 7). Sin Acceso Adecuado a Internet Los Estudiantes de Escuela Pública. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/notas/sin-acceso-adecuado-a-internet-los-estudiantes-de-escuela-publica/.

Cortina Rodríguez, G. La Soledad En Los Adultos Mayores Durante La Pandemia. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/opinion/punto-de-vista/la-soledad-en-los-adultos-mayores-durante-la-pandemia/.

Méndez González, L. (2020, May 11). ¿Qué nos dicen las muertes por COVID-19 en Puerto Rico? Es Mental. https://www.esmental.com/que-nos-dicen-las-muertes-por-covid-19-en-puerto-rico/

El Nuevo Día. (2020, March 12). Cancelaciones de conciertos y eventos culturales en Puerto Rico ante alerta por coronavirus. https:///entretenimiento/musica/notas/cancelaciones-de-conciertos-y-eventos-culturales-en-puerto-rico-ante-el-alerta-por-coronavirus/

Primera Hora. (2020, March 17). Artistas puertorriqueños realizarán conciertos digitales. https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/musica/notas/artistas-puertorriquenos-realizaran-conciertos-digitales/

Ramos Segarra, C. (2020, September 19). En proceso la construcción de más autocines. El Vocero de Puerto Rico, https://www.elvocero.com/economia/en-proceso-la-construcci-n-de-m-s-autocines/article_b30ec4ec-9a10-11ea-a450-c3dd615f454b.html.

Santana Miranda, S. (2020, March 25). Preocupa haya aumento en violencia doméstica. Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2020/03/25/preocupa-haya-aumento-violencia-domestica.html

Sepúlveda, A. (2020, June 22). COVID-19 nos acerca a la inseguridad alimentaria. Noticel. https://www.noticel.com/ahora/20200622/covid-19-nos-acerca-a-la-inseguridad-alimentaria/

Governance and the Rule of Law Summer 2020

All State Comparison of Testing Efforts. (2020). Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/testing/states-comparison

Caravan for Life: Protesters in Puerto Rico Demand More Tests & Resources to Combat the Coronavirus. (2020, May 1). Democracy Now! https://www.democracynow.org/2020/5/1/puerto_rico_caravan_por_la_vida

Cheatham, A. (2020, May 12). The Coronavirus Challenge for Puerto Rico. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/coronavirus-challenge-puerto-rico

Cintrón Arbasetti, J. & Suárez, D. (2020, July 6). Solicitud de renuncia a Secretaria de Justicia fue por recomendar un FEI para la gobernadora Wanda Vázquez en el caso de los almacenes. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo. https://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2020/07/solicitud-de-renuncia-a-secretaria-de-justicia-fue-por-recomendar-un-fei-para-la-gobernadora-wanda-vazquez-en-el-caso-de-los-almacenes/

Crisis alimentaria se profundiza en Puerto Rico por pandemia. (2020, April 29). 20 Minutos. https://www.20minutos.com/noticia/273393/0/crisis-alimentaria-se-profundiza-en-puerto-rico-por-pandemia/

Estadísticas COVID-19. (2020). Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://estadisticas.pr/en/covid-19

Estos son los cambios más importantes en el nuevo Código Electoral. (2020, June 23). NotiCel. https://www.noticel.com/politica/gobierno/20200623/estos-son-los-cambios-mas-importantes-en-el-nuevo-codigo-electoral/

Latin America Monitor. (2020, July). ProQuest. Retreived July 14, 2020, from http://search.proquest.com/policyfile/docview/2407389240/abstract/97B10EEC5940EBPQ/1

Plan de Preparación y Respuesta COVID-19. (2020, March). Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from http://www.salud.gov.pr/Documents/Plan%20de%20Preparaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Respuesta%20COVID-19%20DSPR%20P.pdf

Puerto Rico COVID-19. (2020). Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://bioseguridad.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/d7308c1abb4747e584329adf1215125e

Growth and Innovation Summer 2020

En pobreza el 50% o más de la población en 36 Municipios de Puerto Rico. (2020). Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. https://censo.estadisticas.pr/Comunicado-de-prensa/2019-12-19t145558

How Puerto Rican Scientists Hacked The COVID-19 Response. (2020, June 9). NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/06/08/872471989/how-puerto-rican-scientists-hacked-the-covid-19-response

Niños de Puerto Rico y COVID-19: En la encrucijada de la pobreza y el desastre. (2020, April 8). National Center for Disaster Preparedness. https://vimeo.com/405621621

Puerto Rico Covid-19 Pandemic. (2020). FEMA, Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4493

Puerto Rico Needs More Food Aid to Better Respond to COVID-19. (2020, May 8). Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. https://www.cbpp.org/blog/puerto-rico-needs-more-food-aid-to-better-respond-to-covid-19

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico. (2020). Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico. http://oversightboard.pr.gov/covid19-info/

COVID-19 Response. (2020). María Fund. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.mariafund.org/covid19-response-english

Social and Cultural Inclusion Summer 2020

Artistas puertorriqueños realizarán conciertos digitales. (2020, March 17). Primera Hora. https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/musica/notas/artistas-puertorriquenos-realizaran-conciertos-digitales/

Cancelaciones de conciertos y eventos culturales en Puerto Rico ante alerta por coronavirus. (2020, March 12). El Nuevo Día. https:///entretenimiento/musica/notas/cancelaciones-de-conciertos-y-eventos-culturales-en-puerto-rico-ante-el-alerta-por-coronavirus/

Méndez González, L. (2020, May 11). ¿Qué nos dicen las muertes por COVID-19 en Puerto Rico? Es Mental. https://www.esmental.com/que-nos-dicen-las-muertes-por-covid-19-en-puerto-rico/

Santana Miranda, S. (2020, March 25). Preocupa haya aumento en violencia doméstica. Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2020/03/25/preocupa-haya-aumento-violencia-domestica.html

Sepúlveda, A. (2020, June 22). COVID-19 nos acerca a la inseguridad alimentaria. Noticel. https://www.noticel.com/ahora/20200622/covid-19-nos-acerca-a-la-inseguridad-alimentaria/